Licorice, also known by many other names, is particularly favored by traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. Li Dongyuan said of it: "When a hot medicine is needed, it moderates the heat; when a cold medicine is needed, it moderates the cold. When hot and cold symptoms are mixed, it brings balance." However, the clinical application of licorice varies depending on the condition.
Wide Range of Uses, Specialized Effects
There is a saying that goes, "Licorice is the jack of all trades in medicine." Although this statement is simplistic, it implies its versatility while also suggesting its insignificance. When it comes to the uses of licorice, a review of medical texts proves its widespread use. In "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of Golden Chamber," there are more than 120 prescriptions that include licorice, accounting for over half of the total number of prescriptions. As medical experts say, "Licorice is not the main medicine for many diseases, but it becomes a crucial ingredient in various prescriptions to adapt to different conditions." In the case of Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), licorice is feared to be excessive, while in the case of Chengqi Tang (Purge the Qi Decoction), it is feared to be insufficient. It is used to counteract the toxicity of certain drugs and to harmonize the properties of harsh medicines.
As for the medicinal properties, "Compendium of Herbal Decoctions" describes licorice as "able to rise or descend, to be used internally or externally, to harmonize or moderate, to tonify or purge, embodying the balance of the middle way." One notable use of licorice is in Fumai Tang (Restore the Pulse Decoction), which opens up the meridians, promotes blood circulation, and is considered the key to recovery. Licorice is also effective in tonifying the middle and boosting qi, as well as treating internal injuries, weak spleen, insufficient yang, and weakened lung qi. It is often combined with other herbs such as Ginseng and Astragalus in prescriptions like Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Boost Qi Decoction) and Shengyang Yiwu Tang (Rise Yang and Boost Stomach Decoction). With its sweet taste, licorice can ease urgency, acute pain, spasms, and restlessness. For urgent conditions, prescriptions like Shaoyao Gancao Tang (Peony and Licorice Decoction) and Gancao Xiexin Tang (Licorice Drains the Heart Decoction) are commonly used. Licorice also possesses the ability to clear heat and detoxify, making it a favored choice for treating abscesses and ulcers caused by heat and toxins.
Despite its mild nature, licorice should not be used indiscriminately
Although licorice has a mild nature, caution should be exercised in clinical practice due to its contraindications. It is important to be aware of the "Eighteen Antagonisms," which includes the combination of licorice with Zaojia, Suiyuan, and Yuanzhi. Xu Lingtai, a famous physician from the Qing Dynasty, said: "Even licorice and ginseng can be toxic if used improperly." Therefore, when prescribing medication, careful consideration should be given to the potential risks and benefits of licorice. While licorice has the power to invigorate the middle, it can also cause bloating. As the saying goes, "Licorice fills the center," and "Licorice can assist dampness." It is cautioned against in cases of bloating, vomiting, and alcohol consumption, as well as in conditions involving dampness, swelling, and distension. In clinical practice, its use in cases of stagnation and bloating often exacerbates the symptoms. Scientific research has also reported that licorice can reduce urine output and cause sodium retention, which can hinder the treatment of edema. Therefore, its clinical application should be approached with caution.
