The modern family pays attention to a high-nutrient diet, and the quality of food is getting better and better. However, "eating" also has a lot of knowledge. It needs to meet the body's needs without causing nutritional excess, otherwise it can become a factor in the occurrence of certain diseases. Therefore, we must learn how to "eat".
The occurrence of heart disease is closely related to diet. Eating too much animal fat and high cholesterol foods can increase cholesterol levels in the blood. Eating too many sweets can increase blood triglycerides. High blood lipids (referring to the increase in cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in the blood), especially hypercholesterolemia, is recognized as one of the important factors causing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Excessive alcohol consumption is also one of the factors that can trigger coronary heart disease.
High blood lipids are manifestations of abnormal lipid metabolism in the body. When regularly consuming a diet high in fat, cholesterol, and calories, blood lipids can increase. Blood lipids combine with plasma proteins to form lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are divided into four types according to their density and particle size. The first type is high-density lipoprotein, the second type is low-density lipoprotein, the third type is very low-density lipoprotein, and the fourth type is chylomicron. When high-density lipoprotein in the blood increases, it has a protective effect on the arterial intima, and can eliminate plaques in the arterial intima, preventing atherosclerosis. On the contrary, when low-density lipoprotein in the blood increases, it can accumulate in the arterial intima, forming atherosclerotic plaques, narrowing the arterial lumen, inducing myocardial ischemia, causing angina, and in severe cases, leading to occlusion of the arterial lumen and myocardial infarction. With age, the level of low-density lipoprotein in the blood gradually increases, reaching its peak around the age of 50. Therefore, the incidence of the disease is higher in the elderly. Since estrogen can promote high-density lipoprotein synthesis and reduce low-density lipoprotein, the incidence of coronary heart disease in women is lower than that in men.
For patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia, in addition to medication, diet therapy is also very important. The following points should be emphasized in the diet:
1. Patients with high cholesterol should limit the consumption of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, such as cream, caviar, fatty meat, and animal offal, while patients with high triglycerides should limit the intake of simple carbohydrates, such as pastries, candy, and sweets. Excessive sugar intake can be converted into triglycerides.
2. It is advisable to have a low-salt diet to avoid high blood pressure, damage to the arterial intima, and deposition of atherosclerotic plaques.
3. Drinking tea in moderation can aid digestion, regulate lipid metabolism, reduce cholesterol, and have a weight loss effect. It is beneficial for preventing hyperlipidemia. Drinking alcohol in moderation can promote blood circulation and have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. However, excessive alcohol consumption and consumption of strong alcoholic beverages should be avoided. Smoking can lower blood lipids, increase the burden on the heart, and is particularly detrimental to patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
4. The diet should be diverse, with a combination of grains and meats and vegetables, and should be eaten at regular intervals and in moderate amounts. Moderate consumption of lean meat, poultry and eggs, fish and shrimp, and vegetarian foods is recommended. Eating soybean products regularly is beneficial because soybeans contain abundant plant protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce cholesterol. Eating more foods that can lower blood lipids, such as hawthorn, peanuts, walnuts, black fungus, mushrooms, garlic, and celery, is beneficial. Vitamin C can lower cholesterol, enhance blood vessel elasticity and toughness, and reduce brittleness. Eating fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C and vitamin B regularly is beneficial for the body.
In addition, most patients with hyperlipidemia are obese. In addition to a reasonable diet, they should also engage in more physical activities and gradually increase exercise intensity, which can increase high-density lipoprotein in the blood and inhibit the formation of atherosclerosis.
After controlling the diet for a period of time, blood lipids can generally be reduced to varying degrees. If the effect is not obvious, lipid-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin, xinnaokang, jiangzhining, naoxinshu, xuemaining, and xiangpuzhuanzhipian can be taken under the guidance of a doctor. These drugs have good lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects.
