Feeding and nutrition in infancy are crucial for the growth and development of children. Infant feeding primarily involves breastfeeding, introduction of complementary foods, and supplementation of nutrients in special circumstances.
Poor nutrition in infancy can lead to delayed physical and intellectual development, increased susceptibility to illness and mortality in the short term, and long-term consequences such as impaired intellectual potential, decreased learning and working abilities, reduced reproductive capacity, and increased risk of chronic diseases.
Why is exclusive breastfeeding recommended from birth to 6 months?
1. Breast milk provides sufficient energy and nutrients, including appropriate amounts of protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, iron, other minerals, enzymes, and water. These nutrients in breast milk are also easier to digest and absorb.
2. Breast milk is more hygienic and contains many substances that protect children from various infectious diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and otitis media.
3. Breastfeeding reduces postpartum hemorrhage and anemia, promotes postpartum recovery, and lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
4. Breastfeeding enhances brain development, visual development, and vision, preparing children for learning.
5. Breastfeeding promotes bonding between mother and child, is more economical, convenient, and reduces the risk of illness.
When should complementary foods be introduced?
Introduction of complementary foods is a crucial stage when children transition from liquid to regular solid foods. Complementary foods are given to infants during breastfeeding to supplement the nutritional deficiencies of breast milk. This process is typically completed between 6 and 24 months of age. Introduction of complementary foods not only provides nutrition to infants but is also closely related to the development of dietary habits and psychological behaviors.
Which foods provide the necessary nutrients for infants?
The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine
