Although both elm and alder belong to the Ulmaceae family and are difficult to distinguish in their early leaf stage, there are significant differences in terms of mature leaves, fruits, and bark. Let's explore the differences between alder and elm trees.
1. Fruit Differences
The fruits of elm trees are irregular and have protrusions, while alder trees do not have fruits.
2. Leaf Differences
The serrations on the edges of elm leaves are irregular, while alder leaves are generally symmetrical. The serrations on alder leaves are unique peach-shaped, while elm leaves do not have this shape.
Moreover, there is a noticeable difference between mature alder and elm leaves. Alder leaves are thinner and more translucent, while elm leaves are slightly thicker. It is difficult to distinguish them in their juvenile stage.
3. Different Flowers
Elm flowers are hermaphroditic, while alder flowers are unisexual. Male flowers of alder trees usually grow on the lower part of new branches, while female flowers are usually on the upper part of new branches.
4. Bark Differences
The bark of elm trees is gray or dark gray. The bark of young trees is smoother, while the bark of older trees is rough and longitudinally fissured, giving it a rough appearance.
The bark of alder trees is gray or reddish-brown. The branches of young alder trees have white soft hairs. The bark of alder trees usually does not crack, even in very old trees. If the bark does peel, it is in scales, but the overall texture is relatively smooth.
The bark of alder trees is reddish-brown, while the bark of elm trees is dark gray. The bark of alder trees is rough and does not crack, while the branches are densely covered with soft hairs. The bark of elm trees is thin, while the bark of alder trees is thick.
5. Growth Habits
Elm trees are tolerant of cold and infertile conditions, and can withstand dry and cold climates as well as moderate salt and alkali conditions. Alder trees are not drought-tolerant or suitable for infertile conditions, but they have strong adaptability to different types of soil, including acidic, neutral, alkaline, and mildly saline soils.
6. Economic Value
Alder trees are classified as a second-grade protected plant in China. Their wood is valuable and has high economic value. Elm trees, on the other hand, do not have the same economic value.
