Introduction
The various techniques and movements used in Tui Na. It stimulates the meridians and specific parts of the body through different forms of manipulation. Some techniques focus on kneading, such as pressing, pressing, pointing, grabbing, and pinching; some focus on rubbing, such as flat pushing, rubbing, rubbing, rubbing, and kneading; some focus on vibrating the limbs, such as patting and shaking; some focus on moving the joints, such as rocking, twisting, and stretching. There are more than a hundred techniques in total. They can be chosen or combined according to the situation.
History
The techniques used in Tui Na originated from the instinctive actions of humans, such as friction for warmth, rubbing for relief of pain, touching between mother and infant, and mutual touch between individuals. The term "Fu" was used to refer to the techniques and basic techniques of massage in oracle bone inscriptions. The "Yin Shu" unearthed from the Zhangjia Mountain Han Tomb in Jiangling in the early Han Dynasty recorded techniques such as "rubbing the foot arch" and "shaking the finger", and also recorded the method of reducing temporomandibular joint dislocation in the mouth; "Fifty-two Disease Recipes" records more than 10 techniques such as pressing, rubbing, scratching, and scraping, as well as pressing for hemostasis and medicated cloth massage; "Inner Canon of Huangdi" provides detailed discussions on the names, diagnosis, positioning, effects, mechanisms, indications, and contraindications of techniques. During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing listed massage as a health care method. Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms period proposed the ideas of failure and misdiagnosis in Tui Na. The techniques described in Ge Hong's "Elbow Posture" in the Jin Dynasty are no longer simple downward pressure and rubbing, but include upward sweeping, squeezing, and pinching, as well as beauty methods and emergency finger pinching. Wang Tao's "Secrets of the Outer Terrace" in the Tang Dynasty collected many techniques from previous medical books, and the citations in it provided clues for exploring the origin of techniques in later generations. The "Sheng Ji Zong Lu" in the Song Dynasty focused on the analysis and summary of techniques, emphasizing the application of TCM differentiation and treatment. Zhang Zihe, a physician in the Jin Dynasty, listed Tui Na as a sweating method. Wei Yilin's "Shi Yi De Xiao Fang" in the Ming Dynasty recorded the hanging reduction method, leading the world by more than 600 years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Baby Massage Classic" recorded eight techniques of infant Tui Na, and the "Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition" had a great influence on later generations with its eight techniques of orthopedics. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many Tui Na schools, such as acupuncture point Tui Na, Yi Zhi Chan Tui Na, Nei Gong Tui Na, etc.
Requirements
The basic requirements for Tui Na techniques are endurance, strength, evenness, and gentleness. "Endurance" means that the technique can be continuously used for a certain period of time, maintaining the continuity of motion and strength. "Strength" means that the technique must have a certain amount of force and vary according to the treatment object, physique, virtual reality of the disease, and nature of the technique. "Evenness" means that the rhythm, frequency, and pressure of the technique should be consistent. "Gentleness" means that the technique should be gentle and flexible in its movements and the force should be gentle, without using brute force or sudden violence, but rather "light without floating, heavy without sluggishness". These requirements are closely related and complementary. Endurance allows the technique to gradually penetrate with force, even and coordinated movements can make the technique more gentle, and the combination of strength and skill can make the technique both strong and gentle, known as "both rigidity and flexibility". In the mastery of techniques, strength is the foundation and technique is the key, and both must be combined.
Classification
There are more than 400 names for Tui Na techniques in written form, with more than 100 commonly used names. These techniques are named according to their mode of action, such as pushing, grasping, pressing, rubbing, etc.; according to their action image, such as lion rolling a ball, phoenix spreading its wings, etc.; according to the effect of the technique, such as opening, harmonizing, relaxing, nourishing, etc.; according to the treatment site, such as opening Tianmen, crossing the Ma over Tianhe, etc.; according to the operating process, such as opening the hand, collecting the style, etc. Usually, the techniques of Tui Na can be divided into six categories based on their forms of movement:
①Swinging techniques, using fingers or palms, wrist joints to make coordinated swinging movements, including one-finger Zen technique, winding technique, rolling technique, kneading technique, etc.
②Rubbing techniques, using palms, fingers or elbows to adhere to the body surface and make straight or circular movements, including rubbing, rubbing, pushing, rubbing, wiping, etc.
③Squeezing techniques, using fingers, palms or other parts of the body to press or symmetrically squeeze the body surface, including pressing, pointing, pressing, gripping, lifting, squeezing, twisting, etc.
④Vibrating techniques, using high-frequency rhythmical stimulation to act on the body, including shaking and vibrating techniques.
⑤Pounding techniques, using palms, backs of fists, fingers, sides of palms, and mulberry branch sticks to tap the body surface, including patting, striking, bouncing, etc.
⑥Joint movement techniques, a type of technique that allows the joints to passively move, including rocking, twisting, stretching, etc. The actions and names of Tui Na techniques vary among different schools, with some techniques having similar actions but different names,
